An ongoing project. New lesson every few months.

Visual, interactive lessons
about how AI actually works.

No hype. No prophecy. No "this changes everything." Just careful, honest explanations of the ideas inside the machines, with diagrams you can poke at, drag, and break.

Interactive lesson preview

A taste of what is inside live
The model does not read words. It reads tokens: little chunks of text it learned to recognise.

Why I am making this.

There is a strange gap right now. Hundreds of millions of people use AI every week, and almost none of them know what is happening when they hit enter. That is not anyone's fault; the field grew up faster than its explanations did.

This site is my attempt to close that gap, one idea at a time. Each lesson starts from zero and builds up slowly, with diagrams you can play with instead of just look at. If you have ever wanted to actually understand what a model is doing, I hope these help.

Written by one person, in their evenings, with a lot of coffee.

The lessons.

One published · eight planned

Lesson 01
Tokens

A real-tokenizer interactive lesson about how AI models read text by breaking words into tokens before turning them into numbers.

Available now
Lesson 02
Embeddings

Once words are tokens, the model turns each one into a point in space. Suddenly, cat and kitten live next door.

Coming soon
Lesson 03
Attention

How a model decides which earlier words matter to the next word it writes. The trick that made everything else possible.

Coming soon
Lesson 04
Temperature

Why AI sometimes feels random and sometimes feels stiff. A single dial that changes everything about how it speaks.

Coming soon
Lesson 05
Hallucinations

Why a model that does not know things still answers confidently, and what that tells us about what it learned.

Coming soon
Lesson 06
Context Windows

What the model can and cannot see at any moment, and why long conversations sometimes lose the thread.

Coming soon